大数据监测平台下的长江流域典型城市房间空调器温度设置分析

房间空调器是中国长江流域地区改善室内热环境的重要措施,然而,在以往的房间空调器的行为研究中,只能通过现场实测、问卷调查等方式获取其使用行为,由于数据获取方式本身所存在的局限性,无法对空调的使用行为进行可靠且深入的挖掘,尤其是对于空调的设置温度。为了研究长江流域地区房间空调器的设置温度行为,包括设置温度的分布、设置温度调节习惯、设置温度与一天中不同时间段的关系、设置温度与室外温度的关系,依托于大数据平台下的房间空调器监测数据,针对长江流域地区的3个典型城市（重庆、武汉、上海）的房间空调器的设置温度习惯,对重庆地区575台房间空调器、武汉地区430台房间空调器、上海地区540台空调器的夏季上万次运行数据、冬季上千次运行数据进行了基本的统计与相关分析,结果表明：空调器的设置温度及其调节习惯在不同城市之间存在一定差异性,夏季用户在一次空调使用过程中存在对较低设置温度（低于26℃）的短时需求情景,同时,设置温度与1 d中的不同时刻以及室外温度也有明显关联。     

河谷型泥石流成因及治理措施

文章从河谷型泥石流流域划分及流域地质地形特点出发,着重讨论了河谷型泥石流的成因,分析了河谷型泥石流形成与各流域区段地质、地形之间的关系,基于这种关系反思推导出河谷型泥石流其形成区、流通区以及沉积区不同的治理思想,并按流域划分列举了具体的治理措施和意见。     

内蒙古新城子火山盆地遥感解译及铀成矿预测

内蒙古新城子火山盆地位于大兴安岭南端及扎兰屯火山岩型铀成矿远景带南端,盆地内中生代火山活动频繁且强烈,主要发育火山岩型铀矿。笔者利用Landsat ETM及高分一号遥感数据,对研究区进行了系统构造解译及蚀变信息提取,结合已有地质资料,初步确定了研究区以NE、NW、近EW、近NS向4组线性构造为构造格架。最终根据构造、铀矿化、遥感蚀变等信息圈定3处找矿远景区,期望为该区下一步铀矿地质找矿工作提供依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地安塞地区长6油层沉积相研究

文章选取长6油层组这一典型的曲流河三角洲作为例案,分析该地区发育的微相类型:水上分流河道、分流间沼泽、水下分流河道、河口坝、分流间湾等,其中以三角洲前缘水下分流河道为主。研究表明了相是沉积物形成条件的物质表现。(1)曲流河三角洲平原弯度大的分流河道与平原相近,分流河道许多向外延展;(2)曲流河三角洲前缘水下分流河道河道短,由于水体浅所以导致了大量的堆积物沉积,河口处冲击力变大,水携带者冲积物缓慢运移,多在水下分流河道的两侧堆积成指状;(3)受曲流河三角洲平原的影响,在其末端垂向沉积上,上粗下细在沉积粘土沉积之上,形成河口坝等厚度的砂体富集体。在沉积相砂体展布中体现了砂体长61发育最强,对于长6油层的开发有指示意义。     

澳大利亚布罗肯希尔CUSIN溪矿区地质特征及找矿分析

澳大利亚布罗肯希尔地区是世界上最主要的多金属成矿区之一,仅位于其市内的主铅锌矿体累计开采及探明储量矿石超过2.5亿吨。除此之外,域内还有其他超大型、大型铅锌银金铜多金属矿床、铁矿床、钴矿床、银铅矿床、钨矿床等,小型矿床(点)无数。区域主要出露含矿地层古元古界威利玛超群,是由一套连续的变质程度不同的且多期变形的沉积岩和火山岩形成。位于其内的CUSIN溪矿区成矿地质环境及条件与本区其他矿床基本类似,在勘查中对其矿床(点)地质特征认识分析,发现矿区有热泉型矿床特征,结合区域地质背景、物探及探矿成果,认为本区具有潜在找矿潜力。     

北祁连西段肮脏沟组重力流沉积特征及地质意义

北祁连造山带为一多旋回复合造山带,由一系列复合混杂岩及夹持于其间的大陆碎块组成。区内发育于志留纪肮脏沟组早期的重力流沉积是一套滑塌堆积物,又称绿磨拉石建造,代表了主造山阶段晚期残留海盆地演化特征。在北祁连山张掖国家地质公园肃南松大坂沟和东部鹿角沟一带均较发育,横向上构成深海扇浊流沉积,包括盆地平原、外扇、中扇和内扇等。本文作者在野外调查基础上,通过研究重力流沉积建造序列和沉积构成,从事件沉积角度,探讨了北祁连加里东造山带快速隆升,残留海盆地向前陆盆地转化的地质构造背景。     

如何为协调城镇密集地区的发展提供有效抓手——从实施的角度看《珠江三角洲城镇群协调发展规划》的编制

从区域规划目标构建、实施机制设定的角度,以珠江三角洲城镇群协调发展规划为例,探讨如何针对区域发展面临的主要问题,立足于可操作领域,构建目标有所侧重且更为强调实施行动的内容体系;进而阐述如何创新制度,以规划作统筹,以协调为核心,建立长效机制,引导各级政府、部门共同推进规划的实施。     

Survival of infectious Poliovirus-1 in river water compared to the persistence of somatic coliphages, thermotolerant coliforms and Poliovirus-1 genome

The microbiological quality of water is currently assessed by search for fecal bacteria indicators. There is, however, a body of knowledge demonstrating that bacterial indicators are less resistant to environmental factors than human pathogenic viruses and therefore underestimate the viral risk. As river water is often used as a resource for drinking water production, it is particularly important to obtain a valid estimation of the health hazard, including specific viral risk. This work was conducted to compare the survival of infectious Poliovirus-1 used as a pathogenic virus model to the persistence of, on the one hand, thermotolerant coliforms commonly used as indicators and on the other hand, to somatic coliphages and Poliovirus-1 genome considered as potential indicators. We studied the behavior of infectious Poliovirus-1 and the three (potential) indicators of viral contamination in river water at three different temperatures (4 degrees C,18 degrees C and 25 degrees C). This experiment was performed twice with river water sampled at two different periods, once in winter and once in summer. Our results showed that the survival of thermotolerant coliforms can be 1.5-fold lower than infectious Poliovirus-1. In contrast, under all our experimental conditions, somatic coliphages and Poliovirus-1 genome persisted longer than infectious Poliovirus-1, surviving, respectively, 2-6-fold and about 2-fold longer than infectious Poliovirus-1. According to our results exclusively based on survival capacity, somatic coliphages and viral genome, unlike thermotolerant coliforms appear to be better indicators of viral contamination in river water. Moreover, the disappearance of viral genome is well-correlated to that one of infectious virus irrespective of the conditions tested.     

Using visual assessment as a foundation for greenway planning in the St. Lawrence River Valley

The growth of the ‘greenway’ as a fundamental planning concept has provided guidance for many communities locally and around the world. In the St. Lawrence River Valley, the idea is providing a common physical and cultural reference for the management of landscapes in communities along a 100 mile international corridor. Over the past 10 years, the College of Environmental Science and Forestry of the State University of New York has worked with the St. Lawrence-Eastern Ontario Commission to examine the unique visual and scenic resources of the region as the foundation for establishing a greenway tracing the St. Lawrence River. Although the idea of a greenway in the St. Lawrence River Valley is not new or unusual, the inventory and assessment of visual or scenic linear resources as a foundation is a departure from typical practice, and an experiment in defensible and rational planning. As a major summer tourism destination, the region is well aware of the critical value of its scenic resources. In our effort to identify and assess various vital resources for planning, we found an indicator in the visual nature of the landscape—both as a resource in and of itself, and as a reflection of the underlying values held by local communities for natural and cultural resources. This paper describes, as a case study, the process used to identify and assess visual and scenic resources in the region, and the use of the resulting database to initiate delineation of the proposed greenway. A discussion of the rationale and significance of the method is presented, including comments on the direction and progress in the region today.     

Streambed Sediment as a Barrier to Groundwater Pollution: Insights from Fieldwork and Modelling in the River Thames Basin

Integrated fieldwork and modelling has been undertaken to assess the vulnerability of riverside wells to pollution when river water is contaminated. Results highlight the importance of streambed sediments as a barrier to groundwater pollution by river water. The bed of the River Thames is lined with brown and grey organic-rich silts of low hydraulic conductivity (about 0.002 m/d). A 3-D model for solute transport in stream-aquifer systems was developed and applied to two riverside sites in the middle Thames valley. Model results indicate that well-water quality would only breach EC limits if the river was heavily polluted for a week or even a month (clearly an unlikely scenario). Sensitivity analyses showed the models to be far more sensitive to streambed parameters than to aquifer parameters. Thus it would be more sensible to focus fieldwork on the measurement of streambed properties than on the more usually measured aquifer parameters.